Household crowding

Households with more than one person per room are considered crowded.

Homes with cracks or holes

Cracks or holes are a maintenance deficiency linked to the presence of mice, rats, and cockroaches - which can harm residents' health.

Old homes with peeling paint

Older housing (built before 1960) that has peeling paint can put residents at risk of lead poisoning, due to lead paint. Lead paint was banned from household paints in New York City in 1960 and in the USA in 1978.

Homes with leaks

Leaks are a maintenance deficiency that can harm health by introducing mold, which can worsen respiratory conditions like asthma.

Homes using supplemental heat

The need for supplemental heat may mean a building's main heat source doesn't work - and can indicate the presence of other health-threatening maintenance deficiencies.

Homes with mice or rats in the building

The presence of mice or rats in the home is often associated with poor housing maintenance. These pests can contaminate food and worsen asthma.

Homes with cockroaches

The presence of cockroaches in the home is often associated with poor housing maintenance. Cockroaches in the home can contaminate food and worsen asthma.

No smoke-free home policy

Adults without a smoke-free home policy. A smoke-free home policy can limit people's exposure to secondhand smoke, which is especially dangerous to children.

Heat stress: hospitalizations

Heat stress hospitalizations due to heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke and heat exhaustion, represent part of the public health burden of hot weather. Data aggregated over five years provides enough stability to display neighborhood impacts.

Carbon monoxide incidents (without a detector)

Carbon monoxide detectors are required in NYC homes by law. Failure to provide or maintain a detector can put people at risk for carbon monoxide poisoning and death.

Child poverty (under age 5)

Poverty is a major determinant of health, since poverty deprives people of access to health and safety resources.

Elevated blood levels (under age 6)

Elevated blood lead levels are 5+ mcg/dL. There is no safe level of lead in the blood. Lead poisoning can cause learning and behavior problems, and delay growth and mental development.

Household air conditioning

Air conditioning is an important way to avoid heat stress, especially for persons with limited mobility.

Asthma hospitalizations (age 5 to 17)

Asthma hospitalizations are more severe asthma outcomes. They're often clustered in high-poverty neighborhoods, where disinvestment and poor housing conditions expose residents to triggers.

Asthma hospitalizations (adults)

Asthma hospitalizations are more severe asthma outcomes. They're often clustered in high-poverty neighborhoods, where disinvestment and poor housing conditions expose residents to triggers.

Renter-occupied homes with any health-related maintenance problems

Homes with maintenance deficiencies can threaten the health of the people who live there.